Finland, Finland, Finland,
The country where I want to be,
Pony trekking or camping,
Or just watching TV.
Finland, Finland, Finland.
It's the country for me.

You're so near to Russia,
So far from Japan,
Quite a long way from Cairo,
Lots of miles from Vietnam.

Finland, Finland, Finland,
The country where I want to be,
Eating breakfast or dinner,
Or snack lunch in the hall.
Finland, Finland, Finland.
Finland has it all.

You're so sadly neglected
And often ignored,
A poor second to Belgium,
When going abroad.

Finland, Finland, Finland,
The country where I quite want to be,
Your mountains so lofty,
Your treetops so tall.
Finland, Finland, Finland.
Finland has it all.

Finland, Finland, Finland,
The country where I quite want to be,
Your mountains so lofty,
Your treetops so tall.
Finland, Finland, Finland.
Finland has it all.

Finland has it all.

So sings Michael Palin in the Monty Python song Finland. I must admit that a few years ago I probably knew as much about Finland as those guys. I probably had a vague notion of it being "up north" somewhere in Europe, being covered in snow and pretty cold. I have recently, however, had the chance to learn a little more about Finland since I am now living there. Allow me to give you a brief rundown. Firstly, the facts...

Facts and Figures

1.Finland is located in northern Europe bordering Sweden, Norway and Russia.
2.Finland is around 1160km north to south, and 540 km west to east. Geographically Finland is the 6th largest country in Europe, covering 338,000 square kilometres, of which 69% is forest and 10% is water. It has 187,888 lakes!
3.The Finnish name for Finland is Suomi.
4.Finland is home to around 5.2 million people. Helsinki is the capital city and about 1 million people live there
5.Finland is part of the European Union and it's currency is the Euro.
6.Finland has two official languages, Finnish and Swedish. Many town names have both a Finnish name and a Swedish name (e.g. Helsinki and Helsingfors) and there are fairly sizeable Swedish-speaking communities on the west coast of Finland. However, Swedish is compulsary in school and is hence promptly forgotten by most Finns.
7.Lapland, home to the nomadic Sami people, stretches across the north of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
8.The four seasons of the year are clearly distinct from one another in Finland. The climate is marked by cold winters, but it has fairly warm summers. In the far north of the country the sun does not set for about 73 days of the year, producing light nights in summer. In winter the sun remains below the horizon for 51 days in the far north. In summer the temperature quite often rises over 20 Celsius and occasionally goes over 30. In winter, temperatures of -20 Celsius are common.
9.Finland's chief exports are forestry and paper products, metal, engineering, telecommunications and electronics.
10.Nokia is a Finnish company. They actually started out making car tyres.
11.Linux, the computer operating system was invented by Finn Linus Torvalds. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was invented by Finn Jarkko Oikarinen in 1988.
12.Sauna is a Finnish word. It is more correctly pronounced saa-ooh-na than sor-na. Although the origin of the sauna is unclear, Finns are the undisputed kings of sauna. Most households have access to one.
13.Finland has the highest proportion of Blondes in the world

A short breakdown of Finland's history

1155The first missionaries arrive in Finland from Sweden. Finland becomes part of the Swedish realm.
1809Sweden surrenders Finland to Russia. The Czar declares Finland an autonomous Grand Duchy with himself as constitutional monarch represented by a governor general.
1917Finland declares independence from Russia on December 6.
1919The constitution is adopted and Finland becomes a republic with a president as head of state.
1939-40The Soviet Union attacks Finland and the Winter War is fought.
1941-44Fighting between Finnish and Soviet forces resumes in the Continuation War. Some territory is ceded to the Soviet Union but Finland is never occupied and preserves its independence and sovereignty.
1955Finland joins the United Nations and, in 1956, the Nordic Council.
1995Finland becomes a member of the European Union (EU).
1999Finland backs European monetary union.
2002Banknotes and coins of the EU's single currency, the euro, enter circulation.

Finns are particularly proud of their staunch defense of their country during the second world war, and they are understandably bitter about losing land. Indeed it seems unfair. The Soviet Union was undeniably the aggressor, but in a polarised post-war Europe you were either a goodie or a baddie, and as a foe of the Allies' new best mate Russia, Finland was classified a baddie.

Finland today is modern European country with a strong social welfare system. The cost of living is not as high as it once was (there may have been some truth in past claims that Finland was the most expensive country in the world to live in). It may be cheaper to live in Finland today than in its Scandanavian neighbours.

The Kalevala - The National Finnish Epic

The first edition of the Kalevala appeared in 1835, compiled and edited by Elias Lönnrot on the basis of the epic folk poems he had collected in Finland and Karelia. This poetic song tradition had been part of the oral tradition among speakers of Balto-Finnic languages for two thousand years! When the Kalevala appeared in print for the first time, Finland had been an Autonomous Grand Duchy for a quarter of a century. Prior to this, until 1809, Finland had been a part of the Swedish empire. The Kalevala marked an important turning-point for Finnish-language culture and caused a stir abroad as well. It brought a small, unknown people to the attention of other Europeans, and bolstered the Finns' self-confidence and faith in the possibilities of a Finnish language and culture. The Kalevala began to be called the Finnish national epic.

The Kalevala inspired not only Finnish nationalism but also a young English scholar and writer named J.R.R. Tolkien, in whose mind was already taking shape a magical universe that was about to be transformed by Finnish language and legend. In a letter to W.H. Auden, on June 7, 1955, he remembered his excitement upon discovering a Finnish grammar in Exeter College Library.

It was like discovering a complete wine-cellar filled with bottles of an amazing wine of
a kind and flavour never tasted before. It quite intoxicated me; and I gave up the attempt to
invent an 'unrecorded' Germanic language, and my 'own language' [or series of invented
languages] became heavily Finnicized [sic] in phonetic pattern and structure.


The Finnish language that so delighted the young student became the inspiration for the lyrical tongue of Middle-earth's elves. Tolkien taught himself the ancient and newly codified Finnish to develop his elfin language, and so that he could read the Kalevala in its original Finnish. This achievement opened the door to many further influences from Finnish mythology. Parallels abound between the Kalevala and Tolkien's own saga, in terms of both the characters themselves and the idea of the hero's journey.

Myth Busting

There are a few things about Finland that people commonly get wrong.

MountainsIt is a common misconception that Finland is mountainous. It is not. Whilst the north of Sweden and Norway have some big peaks, Finland is remarkably flat. That being said, there are still a number of good ski resorts on the small mountains and hills in the north of Finland.
Polar bearsFinland is home to reindeer, elk, wolves, brown bears, snakes and Santa Claus but not polar bears.
ScandanaviaFinns don't mind being called Scandanavian but strictly speaking Finland is not a part of Scandanavia. Geographically, Scandinavia is the peninsula where you'll find Norway and Sweden, the Scandinavian peninsula. As a region, Scandinavia is Norway, Sweden and Denmark. It is more correct to call Finland a Nordic country
DarknessIt is true that there are very short hours of daylight during the winter in Finland. Indeed in the north the sun will not come up at all. You may think that Finland is dark most of the time. What is generally unknown is that the transition from dark winter days to bright summer ones is fairly swift. Even in early spring, the sun will set after 8pm in the south. So whilst the winter is dark, almost any other time it is very light in Finland.

So that's the tale of the tape, Finland is a modern western country and as such it is much like Vincent Vega says ...

It's the little differences. I mean, they got the same shit they got over here, but theirs is just a little different

The little differences

So what makes Finland different? What makes a Finn tick? Let me break it down for you.

The stereotypical Finn is modest, reserved and quiet. These days this stereotype still exists but mostly relates to the older generation. There are some regional differences but for the most part young Finns are much more outgoing, approachable ... and talkative.

Some more defining characteristics

Candies and CoffeePer capita Finnish people eat the most sweets and drink the most coffee in the world. Finns do drink a lot of cups of coffee but their number 1 rating may well be due the stength of their brews. Finns tend to drink strong black coffee. The sweet aisles of supermarkets are packed with goodies and there are several variations on salty licorice (salmiakki in Finnish)
Mickey and DonaldAlthough their popularity may be waning elsewhere, Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse (Mikki Hiiri) and Donald Duck (Aku Ankka ... careful saying that one) are very much alive in Finland. Small pocket-sized versions of the comics can be found almost everywhere, and it is not always kids who read them.
AlcoholBeer and cider are now sold at supermarkets but any other alcohol must still be purchased at the state-run Alko shops. Alcohol is popular and because of its restricted availability may perhaps be seen as a little more rebellious than elsewhere by youngsters. The Finnish have their own version of the 6 pack. They are called mäyris which means sausage dog. Count them bottles.
SportThe most popular sport in Finland is Ice Hockey. Finns also compete in a number of skiing events and are one of the top ski-jumping nations. Football (soccer) is on the rise but it is played in summer in Finland due to the climate. Also, Finland's annual wife-carrying championship is still held every July in a tiny village called Sonkajärvi!
WalkingFinns do a lot of walking. Sometimes they even do it with ski-poles, something now called Nordic-walking. Maybe it is the cold, it is hard to say, but wherever they are going most Finns walk very fast.
Frozen lakesThe lakes in Finland freeze over during the winter. It is common to see people drilling holes in the lakes and going ice-fishing (there is water underneath). In some places, temporary roads over the ice are set up during the winter. The strength of the ice is continually monitored to make sure it can handle the weight.
GamblingAt almost every supermarket or large shop in Finland you will find several one arm bandit or pokie machines. These are often attended by large hoards of old aged pensioners. They even have seats so that they can wait to get a turn on a machine. You could well criticise the companies saying it robs poor old people of their money, but for many it seems almost a social event, something to fill an empty day.
RulesFinns are largely very law-abiding citizens. It seems they have a lot of rules and regulations and they are proud of keeping them. One odd exception concerns pedestrians and zebra crossings. Even when the light is green and the little man is lit up to walk, Finns will still zoom through in the path of pedestrians. Perhaps they have dreams of becoming the next Tommi Mäkinen (rally), Mika Hakkinen or Kimi Räikkönen (Formula 1).
EducationFinnish people have a high standard of education. They have a large number of modern libraries and their students borrow the most books from libraries. Newspaper circulation per capita is the highest in the EU and third highest in the world.
ShopsMany supermarkets or department stores in Finland are named using letters. The more letters a shop has the bigger it is. So the kkk supermarket (git yer white sheets here boys!) is slightly smaller than the kkkk supermarket.

Language

People often mistakenly assume that languages spoken in neighbouring countries are closely related. For this reason they ask questions like 'Is Finnish like Swedish?' or 'Does everyone in Finland speak Russian?' A simple answer to both questions is 'No.' Swedish - although one of the two official languages of Finland - and Russian belong to the Indo-European group of languages (as do most in Europe) while Finnish is one of the Finno-Ugrian languages. The latter group also includes Hungarian, Estonian, Lapp and several lesser known languages spoken in Russia.

The Finno-Ugrian languages share enough common lexical and grammatical features to prove a common origin. Although these languages have developed separately for thousands of years, it can be seen that common features include for instance:

1) absence of gender (the same Finnish pronoun hän denotes both he and she),
2) absence of articles (a and the in English),
3) long words due to the structure of the language,
4) numerous grammatical cases,
5) personal possession expressed with suffixes,
6) postpositions in addition to prepositions, and
7) no equivalent of the verb to have.


A feature of Finnish which often amazes a foreigner in Finnish is the length of words. This is because Finnish is typologically an agglutinative language (phew!) in which grammatical markers and endings are joined to a word stem. An example of this is the one-word question: Taloissanikinko? '[Do you mean] in my houses, too?' The word can be analysed as follows:

talo / i / ssa / ni / kin / ko

The root word is talo ' house'. The i is a plural marker, ssa is an inessive case ending which in this instance corresponds to the English preposition in. ni is a first person singular possessive suffix the meaning 'my'. kin is an enclitic particle which means 'also, too' and ko is a particle indicating that a question is being asked.

There are 15 cases in Finnish, meaning that words endings change.

e.g. auto = car,
autossa = in a car,
autolla = by car,
autosta = out of the car,
autolle = to the car,
autoon = into the car

Some interesting facts about Finnish

Longest PalindromeThe longest known palindrome (a word that reads the same backwards or forwards) in any language is the 19-letter Finnish word saippuakivikauppias which means a seller of soap stone.
Longest wordThe world´s longest word is Finnish and has 1783 letters!
DotsIn Finnish, pääjääjää- meaning "the main stayer" in partitive case - has 14 dots in a row. That´s not seen anywhere else in the world.


Well, there you have it. The definitive guide to Finland. Consider yourself educated.

jacob